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PHP Build System V5 Overview

- supports Makefile.ins during transition phase
- not-really-portable Makefile includes have been eliminated
- supports separate build directories without VPATH by using
  explicit rules only
- does not waste disk-space/CPU-time for building temporary libraries
  => especially noticeable on slower systems
- slow recursive make replaced with one global Makefile
- eases integration of proper dependencies
- adds PHP_DEFINE(what[, value]) which creates a single include-file
  per what.  This will allow more fine-grained dependencies.
- abandoning the "one library per directory" concept
- improved integration of the CLI
- several new targets
  build-modules: builds and copies dynamic modules into modules/
  install-cli: installs the CLI only, so that the install-sapi
               target does only what its name says
- finally abandoned automake (still requires aclocal at this time)
- changed some configure-time constructs to run at buildconf-time
- upgraded shtool to 1.5.4
- removed $(moduledir) (use EXTENSION_DIR)

The Reason For a New System

It became more and more apparent that there is a severe need
for addressing the portability concerns and improving the chance
that your build is correct (how often have you been told to
"make clean"? When this is done, you won't need to anymore).

If You Build PHP on a Unix System

You, as a user of PHP, will notice no changes.  Of course, the build
system will be faster, look better and work smarter.

If You Are Developing PHP

Extension developers:

Makefile.ins are abandoned.  The files which are to be compiled
are specified in the config.m4 now using the following macro:

PHP_NEW_EXTENSION(foo, foo.c bar.c baz.cpp, $ext_shared)

E.g. this enables the extension foo which consists of three source-code
modules, two in C and one in C++.  And, depending on the user's wishes,
the extension will even be built as a dynamic module.

The full syntax:

PHP_NEW_EXTENSION(extname, sources [, shared [,sapi_class[, extra-cflags]]])

Please have a look at acinclude.m4 for the gory details and meanings
of the other parameters.

And that's basically it for the extension side.

If you previously built sub-libraries for this module, add
the source-code files here as well.  If you need to specify
separate include directories, do it this way:

PHP_NEW_EXTENSION(foo, foo.c mylib/bar.c mylib/gregor.c,,,-I@ext_srcdir@/lib)

E.g. this builds the three files which are located relative to the
extension source directory and compiles all three files with the
special include directive (@ext_srcdir@ is automatically replaced).

Now, you need to tell the build system that you want to build files
in a directory called $ext_builddir/lib:

PHP_ADD_BUILD_DIR($ext_builddir/lib)

Make sure to call this after PHP_NEW_EXTENSION, because $ext_builddir
is only set by the latter.

If you have a complex extension, you might to need add special
Make rules.  You can do this by calling PHP_ADD_MAKEFILE_FRAGMENT
in your config.m4 after PHP_NEW_EXTENSION.

This will read a file in the source-dir of your extension called
Makefile.frag.  In this file, $(builddir) and $(srcdir) will be
replaced by the values which are correct for your extension
and which are again determined by the PHP_NEW_EXTENSION macro.

Make sure to prefix *all* relative paths correctly with either
$(builddir) or $(srcdir).  Because the build system does not
change the working directory anymore, we must use either
absolute paths or relative ones to the top build-directory.
Correct prefixing ensures that.

SAPI developers:

Instead of using PHP_SAPI=foo/PHP_BUILD_XYZ, you will need to type

PHP_SELECT_SAPI(name, type, sources.c)

I.e. specify the source-code files as above and also pass the
information regarding how PHP is supposed to be built (shared
module, program, etc).

For example for APXS:

PHP_SELECT_SAPI(apache, shared, sapi_apache.c mod_php7.c php_apache.c)

General info

The foundation for the new system is the flexible handling of
sources and their contexts.  With the help of macros you
can define special flags for each source-file, where it is
located, in which target context it can work, etc.

Have a look at the well documented macros
PHP_ADD_SOURCES(_X) in acinclude.m4.

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